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Here’s how a heat pump works:

1. Heat Absorption (Heating Mode)

– In heating mode, the outdoor unit of the heat pump (the condenser) absorbs heat from the outside air, even in cold temperatures. This heat is absorbed by a refrigerant circulating through coils in the outdoor unit.

– The refrigerant, typically in a low-pressure liquid state, absorbs heat energy from the outdoor air, causing it to evaporate into a gas.

– The now-gaseous refrigerant travels to the indoor unit of the heat pump (the evaporator) through copper tubing.

– Inside the evaporator coil, the refrigerant releases the heat it absorbed from the outdoor air into the indoor air, which is then distributed throughout the building by the HVAC system’s ductwork or air handlers.

– In cooling mode, the heat pump reverses the refrigeration cycle. The indoor unit (evaporator) absorbs heat from the indoor air, cooling it down.

– The absorbed heat causes the refrigerant to evaporate into a gas once again.

– The gaseous refrigerant travels back to the outdoor unit (condenser) through the tubing.

– In the condenser coil, the refrigerant releases the heat it absorbed from the indoor air into the outdoor air, dissipating it into the atmosphere.

– As the refrigerant releases heat, it condenses back into a liquid state.

– The cycle repeats continuously as needed to maintain the desired indoor temperature.

– Heat pumps are equipped with a reversing valve that enables them to switch between heating and cooling modes, depending on the thermostat settings and indoor temperature requirements.

By utilizing refrigeration principles, heat pumps offer an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly solution for both heating and cooling indoor spaces. They can provide consistent comfort throughout the year while reducing energy consumption compared to traditional heating and cooling systems.

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